Tarihin rayuwa da ayyukan Mario Vargas Llosa

Jorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa (1936 - yanzu) ya kasance ɗayan mahimman litattafai a tarihin wannan zamani, rubuce-rubucensa an ba su kyauta. Kyautar Nobel ta Adabi da ta Cervantes kyauta ce daga cikin kyaututtukan da marubucin ya cancanta.

Hawansa zuwa sanannun jama'a ya faru a cikin shekaru sittin tare da litattafai daban-daban. A cikin labaransa da yawa ya nuna ra'ayinsa game da zama ɗan ƙasar Peru, duk da haka tsawon shekarun ya faɗaɗa zuwa wasu al'adun.

Tarihin Rayuwa

Haihuwa da dangi

Mario An haife shi a ranar 28 ga Maris, 1936 a Peru. Iyayensa sune Ernesto Vargas da Dora Llosa, ya fito ne daga dangin matsakaici. Sun rabu da shi jim kaɗan, mutumin ya yaudari mahaifiyarsa, Vargas ya tafi tare da dangin mahaifiyarsa zuwa Bolivia kuma sun sa shi ya yi imani cewa mahaifinsa ya mutu.

Sakamakon rashin auren Ernesto Vargas, an haifi yara biyu, ƙannen Mario. Abin takaici, babban ya mutu yana da shekara goma sha ɗaya daga cutar sankarar bargo; karamin saurayin da yake raye lauya ne kuma Ba'amurke ne.

Karatu

Kakan Vargas ya sami nasarar sarrafa gona a Bolivia, a can ne ya fara makarantar firamare. A cikin 1945 suka koma Peru kuma sun haɗu da mahaifinsa. Da umarnin sa, wani ɓangare na karatun sa ya samu halartar makarantar kwana ta sojoji, a cikin 1952 ya kammala shekarar sa ta ƙarshe a makarantar San Miguel de Piura.

Ya fara karatun shari'a da adabi a Magajin garin Universidad Nacional Magajin de San Marcos a 1953. Yana dan shekara 19 ya auri Julia Urquidi kuma a 1958, don rubutunsa Bases don fassarar Rubén Dario, ya lashe karatun Javier Padro don karatun digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Complutense ta Madrid.

Shekaru a Turai

A cikin 1960 tallafin karatun Mario ya kare kuma ya tafi Paris da fatan za a sake ba shi malanta. Bayan ya isa Birnin Haske, sai ya gano cewa an ƙi amincewa da buƙatarsa ​​kuma ya yanke shawarar ɗan ɗan lokaci a Faransa. A wannan lokacin, Vargas Llosa ya yi rubuce-rubuce da yawa.

Farkon aikinsa

Ya sake shi a 1964, shekara guda bayan haka ya sake yin aure Patricia Llosa, suna da yara 3 kuma sun ziyarci Garin Haske. Ya kasance a cikin Paris inda marubucin ya gama littafinsa Birni da Karnuka (1964).

An ba da labarin Kyautar Makarantar Gajeru, bawa marubuci babban matsayi. Wannan fitowar ta ba shi daraja ga marubucin, ya kuma ci gaba da samar da ayyuka. Carmen Balcellse ta zama wakilin adabinsa kuma ya sami kyakkyawar ma'amala da masu buga littattafai. Ga littafinsa: Gidan koren An ba shi lambar yabo ta Rómulo Gallegos a 1967.

Harkar siyasa

Mario Vargas Llosa ya zama mai sha'awar siyasa, na wani lokaci ya goyi bayan manufofin Fidel Castro; Koyaya, a cikin shekaru saba'in, ya soki juyin juya halin Cuba da yawa, tunda marubucin ya kasance mai son 'yanci. A cikin 1985 Faransa ta yi masa ado da Legion of Honor kuma bayan shekaru biyar ya fara siyasarsa.

Goyon bayanku daga manufofin ku na dimokiradiyya, A 1990 Vargas ya nemi matsayin Shugaban Kasar Peru ta jam'iyyar Democratic Front, da aka sani da Fredemo. Ya rasa takarar ne ga Alberto Fujimori, wanda ake zargi, shekaru bayan aikinsa, da aikata laifukan take hakkin dan adam.

Abubuwa masu muhimmanci

An ba marubucin lambar yabo ta Cervantes a 1994. Ya zama ɗan ƙasa a Spain kuma tun daga 1996 ya kasance memba na Royal Academy. A cikin 2005 an dauke shi marubucin ɗan asalin ƙasar Peru tare da ƙwarewar duniya gaba ɗaya.

Shekaru biyar bayan haka ya sami lambar yabo mafi girma ga darajarsa, kyautar Nobel ta Adabi. Wannan labarin ya ba marubucin mamaki, tunda, kodayake yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda aka fi so, bai kasance a farkon wannan shekarar ba. Vargas yana koyarwa a Jami'ar Pricenton da ke New York.

Gina

Labaran su an tsara su da kyauduk da haka, sun haɗa da raha da ban dariya. Yawancin rubuce-rubucensa an haɓaka su ne a wajan Peru, wannan ya ba shi cikakken hangen nesa game da wannan ƙasar, wanda ya yi rubutu akai-akai. Labaransa masu mahimmanci sune:

Novelas

Birni da Karnuka (1964).

Gidan koren (1965).

Tattaunawa a cikin babban coci (1969).

Anti Julia da magatakarda (1977).

Bikin akuya (2000).

Tatsuniyoyi

Shugabannin (1959).

Puan kwikwiyo (1967).